SNAP stands for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program

SNAP is the federal food assistance program run by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. It gives money each month to people and families with low income so they can buy food at grocery stores and farmers markets. The program used to be called food stamps; SNAP is the current name.

You receive SNAP as a card that works like a debit card at checkout. The money loads onto the card each month on a set date. You can use it to buy food — fruits, vegetables, meat, dairy, bread, and other groceries. You cannot use SNAP to buy hot food, alcohol, tobacco, or non-food items like soap or paper towels.

SNAP is not a loan. The money does not have to be paid back. It is a benefit funded by federal tax dollars and distributed through your state's SNAP agency, which is usually part of the Department of Social Services or Department of Human Services.

Key Takeaways

  • SNAP is a monthly food benefit for people with low income, delivered on a card you use at grocery stores and farmers markets.
  • The amount you receive each month depends on your household size, income, and expenses — not everyone gets the same amount.
  • You must meet income and resource limits set by your state, though these limits vary from state to state.
  • SNAP is administered by your state's social services agency, and you must recertify your situation every 12 months to keep receiving benefits.

How much money you get each month

The amount varies based on three things: how many people live in your household, what your household income is, and what expenses you have. The federal government sets a maximum benefit amount each year, and your state uses a formula to calculate what you receive within that maximum.

In 2024, the maximum monthly benefit for a single person is around $291, and for a family of four it is around $1,018. These numbers change each year. Your actual benefit will likely be lower than the maximum because it is reduced based on your income. If you have very little income, you may receive closer to the maximum. If your income is higher, your benefit shrinks.

Some states also count certain expenses — like child care or medical costs — which can increase your benefit. Your state's SNAP office will calculate your exact amount based on the information you provide when you report your situation.

Income and resource limits that determine who receives SNAP

To receive SNAP, your household income must fall below a certain level. That level is usually 130 percent of the federal poverty line, though some states use different thresholds. For 2024, the poverty line for a family of four is around $31,200 per year, so 130 percent would be roughly $40,560.

Your state may also count your resources — money in the bank, vehicles, or property you own. Most states have a resource limit of $2,750 for a household, though some states have higher limits or no limit at all. A car you use for work or transportation usually does not count against this limit.

Income and resource limits change each year. You should contact your state's SNAP office or check their website to learn the exact limits for your household size and state, because they vary.

Who in your household counts toward SNAP

SNAP counts everyone who lives in your home and buys and cooks food together as one household. This includes children, elderly relatives, and disabled family members. If you rent a room to someone who buys their own food separately, they do not count as part of your household.

Some people are not allowed to receive SNAP even if they live with you. Non-citizens without a valid immigration status generally cannot receive SNAP. Students enrolled full-time in college may not be able to receive it. People with certain criminal convictions related to drug trafficking may be permanently disqualified, though some states have changed this rule.

If you are unsure whether someone in your home should be counted, your state's SNAP office can tell you during the intake process.

How to report changes to your situation

You must tell your SNAP office when your household situation changes. This includes when someone moves in or out, when your income changes, when you get a new job, or when your expenses change. Most states require you to report changes within 10 days.

You can usually report changes online through your state's benefits portal, by phone, by mail, or in person at your local SNAP office. If you do not report changes, your benefit amount may be wrong, and you could be asked to repay money you received that you were not supposed to get.

You also must recertify your situation every 12 months. Your SNAP office will send you a notice telling you when to recertify. If you miss the deadline, your benefits will stop, and you will need to reapply to get them back.

SNAP and other government programs

SNAP is separate from other assistance programs, but you may be able to receive more than one at the same time. You can receive SNAP and also get help from TANF (Temporary Assistance for Needy Families), housing vouchers, Medicaid, or other programs. Each program has its own income limits and rules.

If you receive SNAP, you may also be able to get help paying for utilities through LIHEAP (Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program) or other state programs. Some states have programs that help SNAP recipients buy fresh produce at farmers markets. Your local social services office can tell you what other programs you might be able to use.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between SNAP and WIC?

SNAP is for all household members and covers most foods. WIC (Women, Infants, and Children) is only for pregnant women, new mothers, and children under five, and it covers specific foods like milk, cheese, eggs, and formula. You can receive both at the same time if you meet the rules for each program.

Can I use SNAP online or for delivery?

Some states allow SNAP to be used for online grocery orders from certain stores, usually Amazon Fresh, Walmart, or local grocery chains. Not all stores participate, and not all states have this option yet. Check your state's SNAP website or call your local office to see if online shopping is available where you live.

What happens if I move to a different state?

Your SNAP benefits do not transfer automatically. You must apply in your new state. Your old state will close your case, and you will need to start a new one in your new state. The income limits and benefit amounts may be different, so your monthly amount could change.

Can I lose SNAP if I work?

No. Working does not disqualify you from SNAP. However, your benefit amount will be reduced based on your income. If you earn more money, you may eventually earn too much to receive SNAP, but having a job does not automatically end your benefits.

What should I do if my SNAP card is lost or stolen?

Contact your state's SNAP office right away. They can cancel the old card and issue a replacement. In most states, you can call a customer service number on the back of your card or go to your local office. Do not wait to report it, because someone else could use the card and spend your benefits.