SNAP is a federal program that puts money on a card you use like a debit card at grocery stores
SNAP — the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program — is a federal benefit that gives you money to buy food. The money loads onto a card called an EBT card (Electronic Benefits Transfer). You swipe it at checkout just like a debit card, and it pays for groceries. The program used to be called food stamps, and many people still use that name.
SNAP is run by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, but each state administers it. That means the amount you receive, how you report changes, and which stores accept the card vary by state. The money is yours to spend on food — you choose what to buy within the rules (fresh produce, meat, dairy, bread, and canned goods are covered; hot food, alcohol, and non-food items are not).
You do not have to repay SNAP. It is a benefit, not a loan. Once you stop receiving it — because your income rose or you moved out of state — it ends. There is no bill waiting for you later.
Key Takeaways
- SNAP money loads onto an EBT card that works at most grocery stores, farmers markets, and some online retailers.
- You can buy food but not prepared meals, alcohol, tobacco, or household items with SNAP benefits.
- The amount you receive depends on your household size, income, and expenses; it ranges from a few dollars to several hundred dollars per month.
- Each state runs SNAP differently, so contact your state's SNAP office or call 211 to find out how to report changes and when benefits arrive.
- SNAP is a federal benefit you do not repay — it ends when you no longer meet the program's income or household rules.
How much SNAP money you get each month
The amount varies by state and by your household. SNAP calculates your benefit based on your gross household income, the number of people in your home, and certain expenses you pay (like rent, utilities, and child care). The federal government sets a maximum benefit amount each year, and that maximum changes. In 2024, the maximum for a single person is lower than the maximum for a family of four, but the exact dollar amounts differ by state.
You do not choose your amount — SNAP calculates it using a formula. If your income is very low or zero, you may receive the maximum. As your income rises, your benefit shrinks. Once your income passes a certain threshold, you no longer receive SNAP.
The best way to find out what you would receive is to contact your state's SNAP office directly or call 211 and ask them to estimate your benefit based on your household size and income. They can tell you the actual number for your situation.
What you can and cannot buy with SNAP
SNAP covers food you cook at home: fruits and vegetables, meat and poultry, fish and seafood, dairy products, breads and cereals, snacks, and non-alcoholic beverages. Seeds and plants that produce food are also covered. The rule is simple — if it is food you prepare yourself, SNAP likely covers it.
SNAP does not cover hot or prepared food (even from a grocery store deli), alcohol, tobacco, vitamins, medicine, pet food, soap, paper products, or anything that is not food. Some grocery stores have self-checkout systems that will reject SNAP for non-food items automatically. If you try to buy something not covered, the card will decline for that item.
A few states run pilot programs that let you use SNAP at farmers markets or online retailers like Amazon Fresh, but this is not available everywhere. Check with your state's SNAP office to see what stores near you accept the card.
How to report changes to your income or household
SNAP requires you to report certain changes so your benefit stays accurate. If your income changes, someone moves into or out of your home, you get a job, or you lose a job, you must tell your state's SNAP office. The deadline to report is usually within 10 days, though it varies by state.
You report by phone, mail, online portal, or in person at your local SNAP office — again, the method depends on your state. Some states have online portals where you log in and update your information yourself. Others require you to call or visit an office. Your SNAP approval letter will tell you how to report changes in your state.
If you do not report a change and your benefit is higher than it should be, you may have to repay the overpayment. This is rare, but it can happen. The safest approach is to report changes as soon as they occur.
When SNAP benefits arrive and how to check your balance
Benefits load onto your EBT card on a set day each month — usually between the 1st and the 28th, depending on your state and sometimes your case number. Your approval letter will tell you which day. You can use the money starting that day, and it does not expire within the month (though any balance you do not spend by the end of the month rolls over to the next month).
To check your balance, you can call the customer service number on the back of your EBT card, check online through your state's SNAP portal, or ask the cashier at checkout. Most EBT cards also show your balance on a receipt when you swipe.
If your card is lost or stolen, call the number on the back immediately. Your state will cancel it and issue a replacement, usually within 7 to 10 business days. You do not lose the money — it transfers to the new card.
SNAP and work requirements in some states
Some states require able-bodied adults without dependents to work, volunteer, or participate in a job training program to receive SNAP. These are called work requirements, and they vary widely by state. Some states have no work requirement at all. Others require 20 hours per week of work or work-related activity.
If your state has a work requirement and you do not meet it, your SNAP can stop. You can reapply once you meet the requirement. If you are unable to work due to a disability or medical condition, you may be exempt — contact your state's SNAP office to ask about an exemption.
Check your state's SNAP website or call 211 to find out whether your state has work requirements and whether you would be affected.
How SNAP differs from other food assistance programs
SNAP is the largest federal food program, but it is not the only one. The WIC program (Women, Infants, and Children) serves pregnant people, new mothers, and young children with specific foods like milk, cheese, and infant formula. The Senior Farmers Market Nutrition Program helps older adults buy fresh produce. School meal programs provide free or reduced-price breakfast and lunch to children.
You may be able to receive SNAP and WIC at the same time if you meet both programs' rules. They are separate applications and separate benefits. Some people receive SNAP and also use a local food bank or community meal program for additional food support.
SNAP is the most flexible of these programs because you choose what food to buy. The others are more restricted — WIC, for example, only covers certain approved foods and brands.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I use SNAP online or have groceries delivered?
Some states allow SNAP at online retailers like Amazon Fresh, Walmart.com, and Instacart, but not all. A few states are testing this. Contact your state's SNAP office or check their website to see if online shopping is available where you live. If it is, you will need to set up an account and link your EBT card.
What happens to my SNAP if I move to a different state?
Your SNAP ends in your current state. You must apply in your new state. Contact the SNAP office in your new state within 30 days of moving to start the process. Bring proof of residency (a lease or utility bill) and your income information. There is no waiting period between states — you can apply immediately after you arrive.
Can I use someone else's EBT card?
No. The EBT card is for the person whose name is on it. Using someone else's card is fraud and can result in criminal charges and repayment of benefits. Each household member gets their own card if they are part of the SNAP case.
Does receiving SNAP affect my immigration status?
SNAP has specific rules about who can receive it based on immigration status. U.S. citizens and certain legal immigrants are covered; others are not. If you are unsure about your status, contact your state's SNAP office or a legal aid organization. They can tell you whether you are covered without reporting you to immigration authorities.
What if I think my SNAP benefit is wrong?
Contact your state's SNAP office and ask them to review your case. Bring your approval letter and any recent pay stubs or income documents. If you disagree with their decision, you have the right to request a hearing. Your approval letter will explain how to request one. You can also contact a legal aid organization in your state for help.