What you need to do to become an electrician

Becoming an electrician takes a combination of classroom learning, hands-on training, and passing exams — usually between four and five years total. The path starts with a high school diploma or GED, then moves into an apprenticeship where you work under a licensed electrician while attending trade school part-time. After you complete your apprenticeship hours (typically 8,000 to 10,000 hours depending on your state), you take a licensing exam. Once you pass, you become a journeyman electrician and can work independently or start your own business.

The exact requirements vary by state and sometimes by city. Some states require more classroom hours, others require more on-the-job time. Some have additional exams or continuing education requirements. The fastest way to find out what your state requires is to contact your state's electrical licensing board or your local union apprenticeship program — they can tell you the specific timeline and costs for your location.

Key Takeaways

  • You need a high school diploma or GED before you can enter an apprenticeship program.
  • Apprenticeships combine paid work under a licensed electrician with part-time classroom instruction, usually lasting four to five years.
  • Your state's electrical licensing board sets the total hours required (usually 8,000 to 10,000) and the exam content.
  • After passing your journeyman exam, you can work independently or pursue a master electrician license, which requires additional experience and testing.

Getting into an apprenticeship program

Most electricians start through a registered apprenticeship, which is a formal program that combines classroom and on-the-job training. You can find these through the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers (IBEW) union, through non-union contractors, or through community colleges that run their own programs. Union apprenticeships typically pay better and offer stronger benefits, but they can be more competitive to enter. Non-union programs may be easier to get into but vary more in quality and pay.

To enter an apprenticeship, you usually need to pass a basic math and reading test, pass a background check, and sometimes pass a drug screening. Some programs require you to be at least 18 years old; others accept people as young as 16. You will also need a valid driver's license and reliable transportation, since you will be traveling to job sites. Once accepted, you work as a paid apprentice — you earn money while you learn, though the pay starts lower than a journeyman makes.

The process process differs by program. Union locals have their own hiring halls and timelines. Non-union contractors hire directly. Community college programs may have rolling admissions. Contact your local IBEW chapter or your state's apprenticeship office to find programs near you.

What happens during your apprenticeship

An apprenticeship splits your time between the job site and the classroom. On the job, you work under a licensed electrician who teaches you how to install wiring, read blueprints, use tools safely, and follow electrical code. You start with basic tasks like running conduit and stripping wire, then move into more complex work like panel installation and troubleshooting. This hands-on experience is where you learn the trade.

In the classroom — usually one or two nights a week or one day a week, depending on the program — you study electrical theory, the National Electrical Code (NEC), safety practices, and local building codes. You take tests to show you understand the material. The classroom work prepares you for your licensing exam and helps you understand the "why" behind what you do on the job.

Most apprenticeships require between 144 and 180 classroom hours per year, spread over four to five years. The total on-the-job hours required ranges from 8,000 to 10,000 depending on your state. Your employer or program tracks your hours, and you need documentation of both classroom completion and work hours before you can sit for your licensing exam.

Passing your licensing exam

After you complete your apprenticeship hours, you become may be able to access to take your state's journeyman electrician exam. This is a written test that covers electrical theory, the National Electrical Code, safety practices, and local codes. The exam is usually multiple choice and takes between three and four hours. Your state's electrical licensing board administers it, and you register through them.

The exam is challenging — many people do not pass on their first attempt. Most states allow you to retake it if you fail, usually after waiting a set period (often 30 days). You can prepare by reviewing your apprenticeship materials, taking practice exams, and studying the NEC. Some trade schools offer exam prep classes. The exam fee varies by state but typically ranges from $100 to $300.

Once you pass, you receive your journeyman electrician license. This means you can work independently, supervise apprentices, and bid on jobs. Some states issue the license when ready; others require you to register it with the state before you can legally use the title.

Continuing education and master electrician certification

After you become a journeyman, most states require you to complete continuing education hours to keep your license active. The amount varies — some states require 4 hours per year, others require 24 hours every three years. These courses cover new code updates, safety practices, and changes in the trade. You can take them through your local union, community colleges, or online providers approved by your state.

If you want to advance further, you can pursue a master electrician license. This typically requires three to five additional years of experience as a journeyman, plus passing another exam. A master license allows you to own an electrical contracting business, pull permits, and sign off on work. The requirements and exam content vary significantly by state, so check with your state's licensing board for specifics.

Costs and timeline

The total cost of becoming an electrician depends on whether you enter a union or non-union program. Union apprenticeships are usually free or low-cost because the union and employers fund them — you pay little or nothing upfront, though union dues may explore once you complete the program. Non-union programs through community colleges typically cost between $3,000 and $8,000 total for tuition over four to five years. Non-union contractor apprenticeships are often free, since the contractor pays for your training.

The timeline is typically four to five years from start to journeyman license. Some accelerated programs compress this into three years, but they require more intensive classroom and work schedules. The total cost of licensing exams, continuing education, and materials usually adds another $500 to $1,500 over your career, depending on how many times you retake exams and how much prep material you buy.

Frequently Asked Questions

Do I need a college degree to become an electrician?

No. You need a high school diploma or GED, but not a college degree. The apprenticeship program is your education — it combines classroom instruction with paid work experience. Many electricians earn more than college graduates without taking on student debt.

Can I become an electrician without joining a union?

Yes. Non-union apprenticeships through contractors and community colleges are common. Union apprenticeships often pay better and offer stronger benefits, but non-union routes are also valid. The licensing requirements and exam are the same regardless of which path you take.

What if I already have work experience but no formal apprenticeship?

Some states allow you to substitute work experience for formal apprenticeship hours, but you still need to complete classroom instruction and pass the licensing exam. Contact your state's electrical licensing board to ask about alternative pathways — they vary by state.

How much do electricians earn while they are apprentices?

Apprentice pay varies by location and employer. Union apprentices typically start at 40 to 50 percent of a journeyman's wage and increase each year. Non-union apprentices may start lower. As a journeyman, electricians earn significantly more — median wages vary by region but are generally in the $50,000 to $70,000 range, with experienced electricians and contractors earning more.

Can I move to a different state with my electrician license?

Licenses do not automatically transfer between states. Some states have reciprocity agreements that make it easier to get licensed in a new state, while others require you to retake the exam or meet additional requirements. Contact your new state's licensing board before you move to understand what you will need to do.