SNAP is the federal food assistance program, formerly called food stamps

SNAP stands for Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program. It is the current name for what used to be called food stamps. The program gives money on a card (called an EBT card, or Electronic Benefits Transfer card) that you use to buy food at grocery stores and farmers markets.

SNAP is run by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, but each state administers its own program. That means the amount you receive, the rules about what you can buy, and how you report changes all depend on which state you live in. The card works like a debit card — you swipe it at checkout, and the balance goes down by what you spent.

The program covers food you prepare at home: fruits, vegetables, meat, dairy, grains, and snacks. It does not cover hot food, restaurant meals, alcohol, tobacco, vitamins, or non-food items like soap or paper towels.

Key Takeaways

  • SNAP provides monthly funds on an EBT card that you use to buy groceries, and the amount you receive depends on your household size and income.
  • You must report changes in income, household members, or address to your state's SNAP office, usually within 10 days, or your benefits may stop or be reduced.
  • Each state runs SNAP differently, so the application process, benefit amounts, and rules about what you can buy vary by where you live.
  • SNAP covers food you cook at home but not prepared meals, restaurant food, alcohol, tobacco, or household items.

How much SNAP money you receive each month

The amount depends on your household size and gross monthly income. The federal government sets a maximum benefit for each household size, but your actual amount is reduced based on how much money your household earns. A single person with no income receives less than a family of four with no income.

Your state calculates your benefit using a formula that accounts for income, housing costs, utilities, and other expenses. The maximum benefit changes every October when the federal government adjusts it for inflation. In 2024, the maximum for a single person is higher than it was in 2023, but the exact number varies by state.

To find out what you might receive, you need to know your household's gross monthly income (before taxes) and your household size. Your state's SNAP office can estimate your benefit amount before you apply, or you can ask during the application process.

Who can receive SNAP benefits

You must be a U.S. citizen or a may have access to non-citizen, a resident of the state where you apply, and meet income and asset limits. Most households must have a gross monthly income at or below 130 percent of the federal poverty line, though some states set their own limits. Asset limits (the money and property you own) also apply, though the exact limit varies by state.

Work requirements exist in most states: able-bodied adults without dependents must work or participate in a work program for at least 20 hours per week to receive benefits for more than three months in a 36-month period. Students, people over 60, people with disabilities, and people caring for children or disabled family members are usually exempt from this requirement.

Immigration status matters. U.S. citizens are always covered. Lawful permanent residents (green card holders) and some other non-citizens can receive SNAP, but undocumented immigrants cannot. Your state's SNAP office can tell you whether your immigration status qualifies you.

How to apply for SNAP in your state

You apply through your state's SNAP office, not through a federal office. Most states let you apply online through their website, by mail, in person at a local office, or by phone. Search "[your state] SNAP application" to find your state's portal or office location.

You will need to provide proof of identity, income (pay stubs, tax returns, or a letter from your employer), residency (a utility bill or lease), and citizenship or immigration status. If you have a disability or are over 60, you may be able to skip the work requirement, so bring documentation if that applies to you.

Processing time varies by state, but most decisions come within 30 days. Some states offer expedited processing (within 7 days) if your household has very low income. Ask your state office whether you may have access to for faster processing when you apply.

What you must report to keep your benefits

You must report changes in income, household members, address, or work status to your state's SNAP office. Most states require you to report within 10 days of the change. If you do not report, your benefits may be reduced or stopped, and you may have to repay money you received while ineligible.

Changes you must report include: a new job or job loss, a change in hours or pay, someone moving into or out of your household, a change in address, and changes in child support or other income. Some states let you report online, by phone, or by mail; others require you to report in person.

Your benefits are reviewed periodically (usually every 12 months, but more often if your income is unstable). You will receive a notice telling you when to recertify. If you do not respond by the deadline, your benefits will stop until you recertify.

How SNAP differs from other food assistance programs

SNAP is the largest federal food assistance program, but it is not the only one. The WIC program (Women, Infants, and Children) serves pregnant women, new mothers, and young children with specific foods like milk, cheese, and formula. SNAP serves households of any composition and any age.

School meal programs (free and reduced-price breakfast and lunch) serve children during the school year. Some households receive both SNAP and school meals. Senior nutrition programs provide meals to people over 60. Food banks and pantries are run by nonprofits and do not require an application or income check, though they may ask questions about your situation.

You can receive SNAP and other programs at the same time. Receiving one does not disqualify you from another. If you think you might be may be able to access for WIC, school meals, or senior meals, ask your SNAP office or call 211 to find programs in your area.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I use my SNAP card at farmers markets?

Yes. Many farmers markets accept EBT cards directly at the register. Some markets also have a token program where you exchange your SNAP card for tokens that you use to buy from vendors. Call ahead to ask whether the farmers market near you accepts EBT.

What happens if I move to a different state?

You must apply for SNAP in your new state. Your old state's benefits will stop, and you cannot transfer them. Apply in your new state as soon as you move. Some states process applications faster if you are moving from another state and can show proof of your old benefits.

Can I receive SNAP if I am on disability or Social Security?

Yes. Receiving Social Security, SSI, or disability benefits does not disqualify you from SNAP. Your benefits are counted as income, which may reduce your SNAP amount, but you can still receive both. Report your benefits when you apply.

What if I am accused of fraud or misreporting?

Contact your state's SNAP office immediately if you receive a notice about fraud or overpayment. You have the right to a hearing to explain your side. Bring documentation of any changes you reported and dates you reported them. If you made an honest mistake, tell the office; intentional misreporting can result in penalties or repayment requirements.

Can I use SNAP to buy vitamins or medicine?

No. SNAP covers only food. Vitamins, medicine, medical equipment, and household items like soap, paper towels, and cleaning supplies are not covered. Some states have separate programs for health-related needs; ask your SNAP office what other programs might help.